// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.  See License.txt in the project root for license information.

namespace Internal.Utilities.Collections.Tagged

#nowarn "51"
#nowarn "69" // interface implementations in augmentations
#nowarn "60" // override implementations in augmentations

open Microsoft.FSharp.Core
open Microsoft.FSharp.Core.LanguagePrimitives.IntrinsicOperators
open System.Collections.Generic

[<NoEquality; NoComparison>]
[<AllowNullLiteral>]
type internal SetTree<'T>(k: 'T) =
    member _.Key = k

[<NoEquality; NoComparison>]
[<Sealed>]
[<AllowNullLiteral>]
type internal SetTreeNode<'T>(v: 'T, left: SetTree<'T>, right: SetTree<'T>, h: int) =
    inherit SetTree<'T>(v)

    member _.Left = left
    member _.Right = right
    member _.Height = h

[<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.ModuleSuffix)>]
module SetTree =
    let empty = null

    let inline isEmpty (t: SetTree<'T>) = isNull t

    let rec countAux (t: SetTree<'T>) acc =
        if isEmpty t then
            acc
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn -> countAux tn.Left (countAux tn.Right (acc + 1))
            | _ -> acc + 1

    let count s = countAux s 0

    let inline height (t: SetTree<'T>) =
        if isEmpty t then
            0
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn -> tn.Height
            | _ -> 1

    [<Literal>]
    let tolerance = 2

    let mk l k r : SetTree<'T> =
        let hl = height l
        let hr = height r
        let m = if hl < hr then hr else hl

        if m = 0 then // m=0 ~ isEmpty l && isEmpty r
            SetTree k
        else
            SetTreeNode(k, l, r, m + 1) :> SetTree<'T>

    let inline private asNode (value: SetTree<'T>) : SetTreeNode<'T> = value :?> SetTreeNode<'T>

    let rebalance t1 v t2 =
        let t1h = height t1
        let t2h = height t2

        if t2h > t1h + tolerance then // right is heavier than left
            let t2' = asNode (t2)
            // one of the nodes must have height > height t1 + 1
            if height t2'.Left > t1h + 1 then // balance left: combination
                let t2l = asNode (t2'.Left)
                mk (mk t1 v t2l.Left) t2l.Key (mk t2l.Right t2'.Key t2'.Right)
            else // rotate left
                mk (mk t1 v t2'.Left) t2.Key t2'.Right
        else if t1h > t2h + tolerance then // left is heavier than right
            let t1' = asNode (t1)
            // one of the nodes must have height > height t2 + 1
            if height t1'.Right > t2h + 1 then
                // balance right: combination
                let t1r = asNode (t1'.Right)
                mk (mk t1'.Left t1.Key t1r.Left) t1r.Key (mk t1r.Right v t2)
            else
                mk t1'.Left t1'.Key (mk t1'.Right v t2)
        else
            mk t1 v t2

    let rec add (comparer: IComparer<'T>) k (t: SetTree<'T>) : SetTree<'T> =
        if isEmpty t then
            SetTree k
        else
            let c = comparer.Compare(k, t.Key)

            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn ->
                if c < 0 then
                    rebalance (add comparer k tn.Left) tn.Key tn.Right
                elif c = 0 then
                    t
                else
                    rebalance tn.Left tn.Key (add comparer k tn.Right)
            | _ ->
                // nb. no check for rebalance needed for small trees, also be sure to reuse node already allocated
                let c = comparer.Compare(k, t.Key)

                if c < 0 then SetTreeNode(k, empty, t, 2) :> SetTree<'T>
                elif c = 0 then t
                else SetTreeNode(k, t, empty, 2) :> SetTree<'T>

    let rec balance comparer (t1: SetTree<'T>) k (t2: SetTree<'T>) =
        // Given t1 < k < t2 where t1 and t2 are "balanced",
        // return a balanced tree for <t1, k, t2>.
        // Recall: balance means subtrees heights differ by at most "tolerance"
        if isEmpty t1 then
            add comparer k t2 // drop t1 = empty
        elif isEmpty t2 then
            add comparer k t1 // drop t2 = empty
        else
            match t1 with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as t1n ->
                match t2 with
                | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as t2n ->
                    // Have:  (t1l < k1 < t1r) < k < (t2l < k2 < t2r)
                    // Either (a) h1, h2 differ by at most 2 - no rebalance needed.
                    //        (b) h1 too small, i.e. h1+2 < h2
                    //        (c) h2 too small, i.e. h2+2 < h1
                    if t1n.Height + tolerance < t2n.Height then
                        // case: b, h1 too small
                        // push t1 into low side of t2, may increase height by 1 so rebalance
                        rebalance (balance comparer t1 k t2n.Left) t2n.Key t2n.Right
                    elif t2n.Height + tolerance < t1n.Height then
                        // case: c, h2 too small
                        // push t2 into high side of t1, may increase height by 1 so rebalance
                        rebalance t1n.Left t1n.Key (balance comparer t1n.Right k t2)
                    else
                        // case: a, h1 and h2 meet balance requirement
                        mk t1 k t2
                | _ -> add comparer k (add comparer t2.Key t1)
            | _ -> add comparer k (add comparer t1.Key t2)

    let rec split (comparer: IComparer<'T>) pivot (t: SetTree<'T>) =
        // Given a pivot and a set t
        // Return { x in t s.t. x < pivot }, pivot in t?, { x in t s.t. x > pivot }
        if isEmpty t then
            empty, false, empty
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn ->
                let c = comparer.Compare(pivot, tn.Key)

                if c < 0 then // pivot t1
                    let t11Lo, havePivot, t11Hi = split comparer pivot tn.Left
                    t11Lo, havePivot, balance comparer t11Hi tn.Key tn.Right
                elif c = 0 then // pivot is k1
                    tn.Left, true, tn.Right
                else // pivot t2
                    let t12Lo, havePivot, t12Hi = split comparer pivot tn.Right
                    balance comparer tn.Left tn.Key t12Lo, havePivot, t12Hi
            | _ ->
                let c = comparer.Compare(t.Key, pivot)

                if c < 0 then t, false, empty // singleton under pivot
                elif c = 0 then empty, true, empty // singleton is    pivot
                else empty, false, t // singleton over  pivot

    let rec spliceOutSuccessor (t: SetTree<'T>) =
        if isEmpty t then
            failwith "internal error: Set.spliceOutSuccessor"
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn ->
                if isEmpty tn.Left then
                    tn.Key, tn.Right
                else
                    let k3, l' = spliceOutSuccessor tn.Left in k3, mk l' tn.Key tn.Right
            | _ -> t.Key, empty

    let rec remove (comparer: IComparer<'T>) k (t: SetTree<'T>) =
        if isEmpty t then
            t
        else
            let c = comparer.Compare(k, t.Key)

            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn ->
                if c < 0 then
                    rebalance (remove comparer k tn.Left) tn.Key tn.Right
                elif c = 0 then
                    if isEmpty tn.Left then
                        tn.Right
                    elif isEmpty tn.Right then
                        tn.Left
                    else
                        let sk, r' = spliceOutSuccessor tn.Right
                        mk tn.Left sk r'
                else
                    rebalance tn.Left tn.Key (remove comparer k tn.Right)
            | _ -> if c = 0 then empty else t

    let rec contains (comparer: IComparer<'T>) k (t: SetTree<'T>) =
        if isEmpty t then
            false
        else
            let c = comparer.Compare(k, t.Key)

            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn ->
                if c < 0 then contains comparer k tn.Left
                elif c = 0 then true
                else contains comparer k tn.Right
            | _ -> (c = 0)

    let rec iter f (t: SetTree<'T>) =
        if isEmpty t then
            ()
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn ->
                iter f tn.Left
                f tn.Key
                iter f tn.Right
            | _ -> f t.Key

    // Fold, left-to-right.
    //
    // NOTE: This differs from the behaviour of Map.fold which folds right-to-left.
    let rec fold f (t: SetTree<'T>) x =
        if isEmpty t then
            x
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn -> fold f tn.Right (f tn.Key (fold f tn.Left x))
            | _ -> f t.Key x

    let rec forall f (t: SetTree<'T>) =
        if isEmpty t then
            true
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn -> f tn.Key && forall f tn.Left && forall f tn.Right
            | _ -> f t.Key

    let rec exists f (t: SetTree<'T>) =
        if isEmpty t then
            false
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn -> f tn.Key || exists f tn.Left || exists f tn.Right
            | _ -> f t.Key

    let subset comparer a b =
        forall (fun x -> contains comparer x b) a

    let rec filterAux comparer f (t: SetTree<'T>) acc =
        if isEmpty t then
            acc
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn ->
                let acc = if f tn.Key then add comparer tn.Key acc else acc

                filterAux comparer f tn.Left (filterAux comparer f tn.Right acc)
            | _ -> if f t.Key then add comparer t.Key acc else acc

    let filter comparer f s = filterAux comparer f s empty

    let rec diffAux comparer (t: SetTree<'T>) acc =
        if isEmpty acc then
            acc
        else if isEmpty t then
            acc
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn -> diffAux comparer tn.Left (diffAux comparer tn.Right (remove comparer tn.Key acc))
            | _ -> remove comparer t.Key acc

    let diff comparer a b = diffAux comparer b a

    let rec union comparer (t1: SetTree<'T>) (t2: SetTree<'T>) =
        // Perf: tried bruteForce for low heights, but nothing significant
        if isEmpty t1 then
            t2
        elif isEmpty t2 then
            t1
        else
            match t1 with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as t1n ->
                match t2 with
                | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as t2n -> // (t1l < k < t1r) AND (t2l < k2 < t2r)
                    // Divide and Conquer:
                    //   Suppose t1 is largest.
                    //   Split t2 using pivot k1 into lo and hi.
                    //   Union disjoint subproblems and then combine.
                    if t1n.Height > t2n.Height then
                        let lo, _, hi = split comparer t1n.Key t2 in

                        balance comparer (union comparer t1n.Left lo) t1n.Key (union comparer t1n.Right hi)
                    else
                        let lo, _, hi = split comparer t2n.Key t1 in

                        balance comparer (union comparer t2n.Left lo) t2n.Key (union comparer t2n.Right hi)
                | _ -> add comparer t2.Key t1
            | _ -> add comparer t1.Key t2

    let rec intersectionAux comparer b (t: SetTree<'T>) acc =
        if isEmpty t then
            acc
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn ->
                let acc = intersectionAux comparer b tn.Right acc

                let acc =
                    if contains comparer tn.Key b then
                        add comparer tn.Key acc
                    else
                        acc

                intersectionAux comparer b tn.Left acc
            | _ ->
                if contains comparer t.Key b then
                    add comparer t.Key acc
                else
                    acc

    let intersection comparer a b = intersectionAux comparer b a empty

    let partition1 comparer f k (acc1, acc2) =
        if f k then
            (add comparer k acc1, acc2)
        else
            (acc1, add comparer k acc2)

    let rec partitionAux comparer f (t: SetTree<'T>) acc =
        if isEmpty t then
            acc
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn ->
                let acc = partitionAux comparer f tn.Right acc
                let acc = partition1 comparer f tn.Key acc
                partitionAux comparer f tn.Left acc
            | _ -> partition1 comparer f t.Key acc

    let partition comparer f s =
        partitionAux comparer f s (empty, empty)

    let rec minimumElementAux (t: SetTree<'T>) n =
        if isEmpty t then
            n
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn -> minimumElementAux tn.Left tn.Key
            | _ -> t.Key

    and minimumElementOpt (t: SetTree<'T>) =
        if isEmpty t then
            None
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn -> Some(minimumElementAux tn.Left tn.Key)
            | _ -> Some t.Key

    and maximumElementAux (t: SetTree<'T>) n =
        if isEmpty t then
            n
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn -> maximumElementAux tn.Right tn.Key
            | _ -> t.Key

    and maximumElementOpt (t: SetTree<'T>) =
        if isEmpty t then
            None
        else
            match t with
            | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn -> Some(maximumElementAux tn.Right tn.Key)
            | _ -> Some t.Key

    let minimumElement s =
        match minimumElementOpt s with
        | Some (k) -> k
        | None -> failwith "minimumElement"

    let maximumElement s =
        match maximumElementOpt s with
        | Some (k) -> k
        | None -> failwith "maximumElement"

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Imperative left-to-right iterators.
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------

    type SetIterator<'T>(s: SetTree<'T>) =

        // collapseLHS:
        // a) Always returns either [] or a list starting with SetOne.
        // b) The "fringe" of the set stack is unchanged.
        let rec collapseLHS (stack: SetTree<'T> list) =
            match stack with
            | [] -> []
            | x :: rest ->
                if isEmpty x then
                    collapseLHS rest
                else
                    match x with
                    | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as xn -> collapseLHS (xn.Left :: SetTree xn.Key :: xn.Right :: rest)
                    | _ -> stack

        // invariant: always collapseLHS result
        let mutable stack = collapseLHS [ s ]
        // true when MoveNext has been called
        let mutable started = false

        let notStarted () =
            raise (System.InvalidOperationException("Enumeration has not started. Call MoveNext."))

        let alreadyFinished () =
            raise (System.InvalidOperationException("Enumeration already finished."))

        member _.Current =
            if started then
                match stack with
                | k :: _ -> k.Key
                | [] -> alreadyFinished ()
            else
                notStarted ()

        member _.MoveNext() =
            if started then
                match stack with
                | [] -> false
                | t :: rest ->
                    match t with
                    | :? SetTreeNode<'T> -> failwith "Please report error: Set iterator, unexpected stack for moveNext"
                    | _ ->
                        stack <- collapseLHS rest
                        not stack.IsEmpty
            else
                started <- true // The first call to MoveNext "starts" the enumeration.
                not stack.IsEmpty

    let toSeq s =
        let mutable i = SetIterator s

        { new IEnumerator<_> with
            member _.Current = i.Current
          interface System.Collections.IEnumerator with
              member _.Current = box i.Current
              member _.MoveNext() = i.MoveNext()
              member _.Reset() = i <- SetIterator s
          interface System.IDisposable with
              member _.Dispose() = ()
        }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Set comparison.  This can be expensive.
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------

    let rec compareStacks (comparer: IComparer<'T>) (l1: SetTree<'T> list) (l2: SetTree<'T> list) : int =
        let cont () =
            match l1, l2 with
            | x1 :: t1, _ when not (isEmpty x1) ->
                match x1 with
                | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as x1n ->
                    compareStacks comparer (x1n.Left :: (SetTreeNode(x1n.Key, empty, x1n.Right, 0) :> SetTree<'T>) :: t1) l2
                | _ -> compareStacks comparer (empty :: SetTree x1.Key :: t1) l2
            | _, x2 :: t2 when not (isEmpty x2) ->
                match x2 with
                | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as x2n ->
                    compareStacks comparer l1 (x2n.Left :: (SetTreeNode(x2n.Key, empty, x2n.Right, 0) :> SetTree<'T>) :: t2)
                | _ -> compareStacks comparer l1 (empty :: SetTree x2.Key :: t2)
            | _ -> failwith "unexpected state in SetTree.compareStacks"

        match l1, l2 with
        | [], [] -> 0
        | [], _ -> -1
        | _, [] -> 1
        | x1 :: t1, x2 :: t2 ->
            if isEmpty x1 then
                if isEmpty x2 then compareStacks comparer t1 t2 else cont ()
            elif isEmpty x2 then
                cont ()
            else
                match x1 with
                | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as x1n ->
                    if isEmpty x1n.Left then
                        match x2 with
                        | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as x2n ->
                            if isEmpty x2n.Left then
                                let c = comparer.Compare(x1n.Key, x2n.Key)

                                if c <> 0 then
                                    c
                                else
                                    compareStacks comparer (x1n.Right :: t1) (x2n.Right :: t2)
                            else
                                cont ()
                        | _ ->
                            let c = comparer.Compare(x1n.Key, x2.Key)

                            if c <> 0 then
                                c
                            else
                                compareStacks comparer (x1n.Right :: t1) (empty :: t2)
                    else
                        cont ()
                | _ ->
                    match x2 with
                    | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as x2n ->
                        if isEmpty x2n.Left then
                            let c = comparer.Compare(x1.Key, x2n.Key)

                            if c <> 0 then
                                c
                            else
                                compareStacks comparer (empty :: t1) (x2n.Right :: t2)
                        else
                            cont ()
                    | _ ->
                        let c = comparer.Compare(x1.Key, x2.Key)

                        if c <> 0 then c else compareStacks comparer t1 t2

    let compare comparer (t1: SetTree<'T>) (t2: SetTree<'T>) =
        if isEmpty t1 then
            if isEmpty t2 then 0 else -1
        else if isEmpty t2 then
            1
        else
            compareStacks comparer [ t1 ] [ t2 ]

    let choose s = minimumElement s

    let toList (t: SetTree<'T>) =
        let rec loop (t': SetTree<'T>) acc =
            if isEmpty t' then
                acc
            else
                match t' with
                | :? SetTreeNode<'T> as tn -> loop tn.Left (tn.Key :: loop tn.Right acc)
                | _ -> t'.Key :: acc

        loop t []

    let copyToArray s (arr: _[]) i =
        let mutable j = i

        iter
            (fun x ->
                arr[j] <- x
                j <- j + 1)
            s

    let toArray s =
        let n = (count s)
        let res = Array.zeroCreate n
        copyToArray s res 0
        res

    let rec mkFromEnumerator comparer acc (e: IEnumerator<_>) =
        if e.MoveNext() then
            mkFromEnumerator comparer (add comparer e.Current acc) e
        else
            acc

    let ofSeq comparer (c: IEnumerable<_>) =
        use ie = c.GetEnumerator()
        mkFromEnumerator comparer empty ie

    let ofArray comparer l =
        Array.fold (fun acc k -> add comparer k acc) empty l

[<System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplay "Count = {Count}">]
[<Sealed>]
type internal Set<'T, 'ComparerTag> when 'ComparerTag :> IComparer<'T>(comparer: IComparer<'T>, tree: SetTree<'T>) =

    static let refresh (s: Set<_, _>) t =
        Set<_, _>(comparer = s.Comparer, tree = t)

    member s.Tree = tree
    member s.Comparer: IComparer<'T> = comparer

    static member Empty(comparer: 'ComparerTag) : Set<'T, 'ComparerTag> =
        Set<_, _>(comparer = comparer, tree = SetTree.empty)

    member s.Add(x) : Set<'T, 'ComparerTag> = refresh s (SetTree.add comparer x tree)

    member s.Remove(x) : Set<'T, 'ComparerTag> =
        refresh s (SetTree.remove comparer x tree)

    member s.Count = SetTree.count tree
    member s.Contains(x) = SetTree.contains comparer x tree
    member s.Iterate(x) = SetTree.iter x tree
    member s.Fold f x = SetTree.fold f tree x
    member s.IsEmpty = SetTree.isEmpty tree

    member s.Partition predicate : Set<'T, 'ComparerTag> * Set<'T, 'ComparerTag> =
        if SetTree.isEmpty s.Tree then
            s, s
        else
            let t1, t2 = SetTree.partition s.Comparer predicate s.Tree
            refresh s t1, refresh s t2

    member s.Filter predicate : Set<'T, 'ComparerTag> =
        if SetTree.isEmpty s.Tree then
            s
        else
            SetTree.filter comparer predicate tree |> refresh s

    member s.Exists predicate = SetTree.exists predicate tree

    member s.ForAll predicate = SetTree.forall predicate tree

    static member (-)(a: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>, b: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>) = Set<_, _>.Difference (a, b)

    static member (+)(a: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>, b: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>) = Set<_, _>.Union (a, b)

    static member Intersection(a: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>, b: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>) : Set<'T, 'ComparerTag> =
        if SetTree.isEmpty b.Tree then
            b (* A INTER 0 = 0 *)
        else if SetTree.isEmpty a.Tree then
            a (* 0 INTER B = 0 *)
        else
            SetTree.intersection a.Comparer a.Tree b.Tree |> refresh a

    static member Union(a: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>, b: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>) : Set<'T, 'ComparerTag> =
        if SetTree.isEmpty b.Tree then a (* A U 0 = A *)
        else if SetTree.isEmpty a.Tree then b (* 0 U B = B *)
        else SetTree.union a.Comparer a.Tree b.Tree |> refresh a

    static member Difference(a: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>, b: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>) : Set<'T, 'ComparerTag> =
        if SetTree.isEmpty a.Tree then a (* 0 - B = 0 *)
        else if SetTree.isEmpty b.Tree then a (* A - 0 = A *)
        else SetTree.diff a.Comparer a.Tree b.Tree |> refresh a

    static member Equality(a: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>, b: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>) =
        (SetTree.compare a.Comparer a.Tree b.Tree = 0)

    static member Compare(a: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>, b: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>) =
        SetTree.compare a.Comparer a.Tree b.Tree

    member s.Choose = SetTree.choose tree

    member s.MinimumElement = SetTree.minimumElement tree

    member s.MaximumElement = SetTree.maximumElement tree

    member s.IsSubsetOf((y: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>)) = SetTree.subset comparer tree y.Tree

    member s.IsSupersetOf((y: Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>)) = SetTree.subset comparer y.Tree tree

    member s.ToList() = SetTree.toList tree

    member s.ToArray() = SetTree.toArray tree

    override this.Equals(that) =
        match that with
        // Cast to the exact same type as this, otherwise not equal.
        | :? Set<'T, 'ComparerTag> as that -> ((this :> System.IComparable).CompareTo(that) = 0)
        | _ -> false

    interface System.IComparable with
        // Cast s2 to the exact same type as s1, see 4884.
        // It is not OK to cast s2 to seq<'T>, since different compares could permute the elements.
        member s1.CompareTo(s2: obj) =
            SetTree.compare s1.Comparer s1.Tree (s2 :?> Set<'T, 'ComparerTag>).Tree

    member this.ComputeHashCode() =
        let combineHash x y = (x <<< 1) + y + 631
        let mutable res = 0

        for x in this do
            res <- combineHash res (Unchecked.hash x)

        res

    override this.GetHashCode() = this.ComputeHashCode()

    interface ICollection<'T> with
        member s.Add _ =
            raise (System.NotSupportedException("ReadOnlyCollection"))

        member s.Clear() =
            raise (System.NotSupportedException("ReadOnlyCollection"))

        member s.Remove _ =
            raise (System.NotSupportedException("ReadOnlyCollection"))

        member s.Contains(x) = SetTree.contains comparer x tree
        member s.CopyTo(arr, i) = SetTree.copyToArray tree arr i
        member s.IsReadOnly = true
        member s.Count = SetTree.count tree

    interface IEnumerable<'T> with
        member s.GetEnumerator() = SetTree.toSeq tree

    interface System.Collections.IEnumerable with
        override s.GetEnumerator() =
            (SetTree.toSeq tree :> System.Collections.IEnumerator)

    static member Singleton(comparer, x) : Set<'T, 'ComparerTag> = Set<_, _>.Empty(comparer).Add(x)

    static member Create(comparer: 'ComparerTag, l: seq<'T>) : Set<'T, 'ComparerTag> =
        Set<_, _>(comparer = comparer, tree = SetTree.ofSeq comparer l)

[<NoEquality; NoComparison>]
[<AllowNullLiteral>]
type internal MapTree<'Key, 'Value>(k: 'Key, v: 'Value) =
    member _.Key = k
    member _.Value = v

[<NoEquality; NoComparison>]
[<Sealed>]
[<AllowNullLiteral>]
type internal MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value>(k: 'Key, v: 'Value, left: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>, right: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>, h: int) =
    inherit MapTree<'Key, 'Value>(k, v)

    member _.Left = left
    member _.Right = right
    member _.Height = h

[<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.ModuleSuffix)>]
module MapTree =

    let empty = null

    let inline isEmpty (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) = isNull m

    let rec sizeAux acc (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        if isEmpty m then
            acc
        else
            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn -> sizeAux (sizeAux (acc + 1) mn.Left) mn.Right
            | _ -> acc + 1

    let size x = sizeAux 0 x

    let inline height (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        if isEmpty m then
            0
        else
            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn -> mn.Height
            | _ -> 1

    let mk l k v r : MapTree<'Key, 'Value> =
        let hl = height l
        let hr = height r
        let m = max hl hr

        if m = 0 then // m=0 ~ isEmpty l && isEmpty r
            MapTree(k, v)
        else
            MapTreeNode(k, v, l, r, m + 1) :> MapTree<'Key, 'Value>

    let inline private asNode (value: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) : MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> = value :?> MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value>

    let rebalance t1 (k: 'Key) (v: 'Value) t2 : MapTree<'Key, 'Value> =
        let t1h = height t1
        let t2h = height t2

        if t2h > t1h + 2 then (* right is heavier than left *)
            let t2' = asNode (t2)
            (* one of the nodes must have height > height t1 + 1 *)
            if height t2'.Left > t1h + 1 then (* balance left: combination *)
                let t2l = asNode (t2'.Left)
                mk (mk t1 k v t2l.Left) t2l.Key t2l.Value (mk t2l.Right t2'.Key t2'.Value t2'.Right)
            else (* rotate left *)
                mk (mk t1 k v t2'.Left) t2'.Key t2'.Value t2'.Right
        else if t1h > t2h + 2 then (* left is heavier than right *)
            let t1' = asNode (t1)
            (* one of the nodes must have height > height t2 + 1 *)
            if height t1'.Right > t2h + 1 then
                (* balance right: combination *)
                let t1r = asNode (t1'.Right)
                mk (mk t1'.Left t1'.Key t1'.Value t1r.Left) t1r.Key t1r.Value (mk t1r.Right k v t2)
            else
                mk t1'.Left t1'.Key t1'.Value (mk t1'.Right k v t2)
        else
            mk t1 k v t2

    let rec add (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) k (v: 'Value) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) : MapTree<'Key, 'Value> =
        if isEmpty m then
            MapTree(k, v)
        else
            let c = comparer.Compare(k, m.Key)

            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn ->
                if c < 0 then
                    rebalance (add comparer k v mn.Left) mn.Key mn.Value mn.Right
                elif c = 0 then
                    MapTreeNode(k, v, mn.Left, mn.Right, mn.Height) :> MapTree<'Key, 'Value>
                else
                    rebalance mn.Left mn.Key mn.Value (add comparer k v mn.Right)
            | _ ->
                if c < 0 then
                    MapTreeNode(k, v, empty, m, 2) :> MapTree<'Key, 'Value>
                elif c = 0 then
                    MapTree(k, v)
                else
                    MapTreeNode(k, v, m, empty, 2) :> MapTree<'Key, 'Value>

    let indexNotFound () =
        raise (KeyNotFoundException("An index satisfying the predicate was not found in the collection"))

    let rec tryGetValue (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) k (v: byref<'Value>) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        if isEmpty m then
            false
        else
            let c = comparer.Compare(k, m.Key)

            if c = 0 then
                v <- m.Value
                true
            else
                match m with
                | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn -> tryGetValue comparer k &v (if c < 0 then mn.Left else mn.Right)
                | _ -> false

    let find (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) k (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        let mutable v = Unchecked.defaultof<'Value>

        if tryGetValue comparer k &v m then v else indexNotFound ()

    let tryFind (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) k (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        let mutable v = Unchecked.defaultof<'Value>

        if tryGetValue comparer k &v m then Some v else None

    let partition1 (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) (f: OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>) k v (acc1, acc2) =
        if f.Invoke(k, v) then
            (add comparer k v acc1, acc2)
        else
            (acc1, add comparer k v acc2)

    let rec partitionAux (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) (f: OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) acc =
        if isEmpty m then
            acc
        else
            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn ->
                let acc = partitionAux comparer f mn.Right acc
                let acc = partition1 comparer f mn.Key mn.Value acc
                partitionAux comparer f mn.Left acc
            | _ -> partition1 comparer f m.Key m.Value acc

    let partition (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) f m =
        partitionAux comparer (OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>.Adapt f) m (empty, empty)

    let filter1 (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) (f: OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>) k v acc =
        if f.Invoke(k, v) then add comparer k v acc else acc

    let rec filterAux (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) (f: OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) acc =
        if isEmpty m then
            acc
        else
            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn ->
                let acc = filterAux comparer f mn.Left acc
                let acc = filter1 comparer f mn.Key mn.Value acc
                filterAux comparer f mn.Right acc
            | _ -> filter1 comparer f m.Key m.Value acc

    let filter (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) f m =
        filterAux comparer (OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>.Adapt f) m empty

    let rec spliceOutSuccessor (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        if isEmpty m then
            failwith "internal error: Map.spliceOutSuccessor"
        else
            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn ->
                if isEmpty mn.Left then
                    mn.Key, mn.Value, mn.Right
                else
                    let k3, v3, l' = spliceOutSuccessor mn.Left in k3, v3, mk l' mn.Key mn.Value mn.Right
            | _ -> m.Key, m.Value, empty

    let rec remove (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) k (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        if isEmpty m then
            empty
        else
            let c = comparer.Compare(k, m.Key)

            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn ->
                if c < 0 then
                    rebalance (remove comparer k mn.Left) mn.Key mn.Value mn.Right
                elif c = 0 then
                    if isEmpty mn.Left then
                        mn.Right
                    elif isEmpty mn.Right then
                        mn.Left
                    else
                        let sk, sv, r' = spliceOutSuccessor mn.Right
                        mk mn.Left sk sv r'
                else
                    rebalance mn.Left mn.Key mn.Value (remove comparer k mn.Right)
            | _ -> if c = 0 then empty else m

    let rec mem (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) k (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        if isEmpty m then
            false
        else
            let c = comparer.Compare(k, m.Key)

            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn ->
                if c < 0 then
                    mem comparer k mn.Left
                else
                    (c = 0 || mem comparer k mn.Right)
            | _ -> c = 0

    let rec iterOpt (f: OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        if isEmpty m then
            ()
        else
            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn ->
                iterOpt f mn.Left
                f.Invoke(mn.Key, mn.Value)
                iterOpt f mn.Right
            | _ -> f.Invoke(m.Key, m.Value)

    let iter f m =
        iterOpt (OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>.Adapt f) m

    let rec tryPickOpt (f: OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        if isEmpty m then
            None
        else
            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn ->
                match tryPickOpt f mn.Left with
                | Some _ as res -> res
                | None ->
                    match f.Invoke(mn.Key, mn.Value) with
                    | Some _ as res -> res
                    | None -> tryPickOpt f mn.Right
            | _ -> f.Invoke(m.Key, m.Value)

    let tryPick f m =
        tryPickOpt (OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>.Adapt f) m

    let rec existsOpt (f: OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        if isEmpty m then
            false
        else
            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn -> existsOpt f mn.Left || f.Invoke(mn.Key, mn.Value) || existsOpt f mn.Right
            | _ -> f.Invoke(m.Key, m.Value)

    let exists f m =
        existsOpt (OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>.Adapt f) m

    let rec forallOpt (f: OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        if isEmpty m then
            true
        else
            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn -> forallOpt f mn.Left && f.Invoke(mn.Key, mn.Value) && forallOpt f mn.Right
            | _ -> f.Invoke(m.Key, m.Value)

    let forall f m =
        forallOpt (OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>.Adapt f) m

    let rec map (f: 'Value -> 'Result) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) : MapTree<'Key, 'Result> =
        if isEmpty m then
            empty
        else
            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn ->
                let l2 = map f mn.Left
                let v2 = f mn.Value
                let r2 = map f mn.Right
                MapTreeNode(mn.Key, v2, l2, r2, mn.Height) :> MapTree<'Key, 'Result>
            | _ -> MapTree(m.Key, f m.Value)

    let rec mapiOpt (f: OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<'Key, 'Value, 'Result>) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        if isEmpty m then
            empty
        else
            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn ->
                let l2 = mapiOpt f mn.Left
                let v2 = f.Invoke(mn.Key, mn.Value)
                let r2 = mapiOpt f mn.Right
                MapTreeNode(mn.Key, v2, l2, r2, mn.Height) :> MapTree<'Key, 'Result>
            | _ -> MapTree(m.Key, f.Invoke(m.Key, m.Value))

    let mapi f m =
        mapiOpt (OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _>.Adapt f) m

    // Fold, right-to-left.
    //
    // NOTE: This differs from the behaviour of Set.fold which folds left-to-right.

    let rec foldBackOpt (f: OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _, _>) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) x =
        if isEmpty m then
            x
        else
            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn ->
                let x = foldBackOpt f mn.Right x
                let x = f.Invoke(mn.Key, mn.Value, x)
                foldBackOpt f mn.Left x
            | _ -> f.Invoke(m.Key, m.Value, x)

    let foldBack f m x =
        foldBackOpt (OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _, _>.Adapt f) m x

    let foldSectionOpt (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) lo hi (f: OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _, _>) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) x =
        let rec foldFromTo (f: OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _, _>) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) x =
            if isEmpty m then
                x
            else
                match m with
                | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn ->
                    let cLoKey = comparer.Compare(lo, mn.Key)
                    let cKeyHi = comparer.Compare(mn.Key, hi)

                    let x = if cLoKey < 0 then foldFromTo f mn.Left x else x

                    let x =
                        if cLoKey <= 0 && cKeyHi <= 0 then
                            f.Invoke(mn.Key, mn.Value, x)
                        else
                            x

                    let x = if cKeyHi < 0 then foldFromTo f mn.Right x else x

                    x
                | _ ->
                    let cLoKey = comparer.Compare(lo, m.Key)
                    let cKeyHi = comparer.Compare(m.Key, hi)

                    let x =
                        if cLoKey <= 0 && cKeyHi <= 0 then
                            f.Invoke(m.Key, m.Value, x)
                        else
                            x

                    x

        if comparer.Compare(lo, hi) = 1 then x else foldFromTo f m x

    let foldSection (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) lo hi f m x =
        foldSectionOpt comparer lo hi (OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _, _>.Adapt f) m x

    let rec foldMapOpt (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) (f: OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _, _>) (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) z acc =
        if isEmpty m then
            acc, z
        else
            match m with
            | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn ->
                let acc, z = foldMapOpt comparer f mn.Right z acc
                let v', z = f.Invoke(mn.Key, mn.Value, z)
                let acc = add comparer mn.Key v' acc
                foldMapOpt comparer f mn.Left z acc
            | _ ->
                let v', z = f.Invoke(m.Key, m.Value, z)
                add comparer m.Key v' acc, z

    let foldMap (comparer: IComparer<'Key>) f (m: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) z acc =
        foldMapOpt comparer (OptimizedClosures.FSharpFunc<_, _, _, _>.Adapt f) m z acc

    let toList m =
        foldBack (fun k v acc -> (k, v) :: acc) m []

    let toArray m = m |> toList |> Array.ofList

    let ofList comparer l =
        List.fold (fun acc (k, v) -> add comparer k v acc) empty l

    let rec mkFromEnumerator comparer acc (e: IEnumerator<_>) =
        if e.MoveNext() then
            let x, y = e.Current
            mkFromEnumerator comparer (add comparer x y acc) e
        else
            acc

    let ofSeq comparer (c: seq<_>) =
        use ie = c.GetEnumerator()
        mkFromEnumerator comparer empty ie

    let copyToArray s (arr: _[]) i =
        let mutable j = i

        s
        |> iter (fun x y ->
            arr[j] <- KeyValuePair(x, y)
            j <- j + 1)

    /// Imperative left-to-right iterators.
    type MapIterator<'Key, 'Value>(s: MapTree<'Key, 'Value>) =
        // collapseLHS:
        // a) Always returns either [] or a list starting with SetOne.
        // b) The "fringe" of the set stack is unchanged.
        let rec collapseLHS (stack: MapTree<'Key, 'Value> list) =
            match stack with
            | [] -> []
            | m :: rest ->
                if isEmpty m then
                    collapseLHS rest
                else
                    match m with
                    | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> as mn -> collapseLHS (mn.Left :: MapTree(mn.Key, mn.Value) :: mn.Right :: rest)
                    | _ -> stack

        /// invariant: always collapseLHS result
        let mutable stack = collapseLHS [ s ]
        /// true when MoveNext has been called
        let mutable started = false

        let notStarted () =
            raise (System.InvalidOperationException("Enumeration has not started. Call MoveNext."))

        let alreadyFinished () =
            raise (System.InvalidOperationException("Enumeration already finished."))

        member _.Current =
            if started then
                match stack with
                | [] -> alreadyFinished ()
                | m :: _ ->
                    match m with
                    | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> -> failwith "Please report error: Map iterator, unexpected stack for current"
                    | _ -> KeyValuePair<_, _>(m.Key, m.Value)
            else
                notStarted ()

        member _.MoveNext() =
            if started then
                match stack with
                | [] -> false
                | m :: rest ->
                    match m with
                    | :? MapTreeNode<'Key, 'Value> -> failwith "Please report error: Map iterator, unexpected stack for moveNext"
                    | _ ->
                        stack <- collapseLHS rest
                        not stack.IsEmpty
            else
                started <- true (* The first call to MoveNext "starts" the enumeration. *)
                not stack.IsEmpty

    let toSeq s =
        let mutable i = MapIterator(s)

        { new IEnumerator<_> with
            member self.Current = i.Current
          interface System.Collections.IEnumerator with
              member self.Current = box i.Current
              member self.MoveNext() = i.MoveNext()
              member self.Reset() = i <- MapIterator(s)
          interface System.IDisposable with
              member self.Dispose() = ()
        }

[<System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplay "Count = {Count}">]
[<Sealed>]
type internal Map<'Key, 'T, 'ComparerTag> when 'ComparerTag :> IComparer<'Key>(comparer: IComparer<'Key>, tree: MapTree<'Key, 'T>) =

    static let refresh (m: Map<_, _, 'ComparerTag>) t =
        Map<_, _, 'ComparerTag>(comparer = m.Comparer, tree = t)

    member s.Tree = tree
    member s.Comparer: IComparer<'Key> = comparer

    static member Empty(comparer: 'ComparerTag) =
        Map<'Key, 'T, 'ComparerTag>(comparer = comparer, tree = MapTree.empty)

    member m.Add(k, v) =
        refresh m (MapTree.add comparer k v tree)

    member m.IsEmpty = MapTree.isEmpty tree

    member m.Item
        with get (k: 'Key) = MapTree.find comparer k tree

    member m.First(f) = MapTree.tryPick f tree
    member m.Exists(f) = MapTree.exists f tree

    member m.Filter(f) =
        MapTree.filter comparer f tree |> refresh m

    member m.ForAll(f) = MapTree.forall f tree
    member m.Fold folder acc = MapTree.foldBack folder tree acc

    member m.FoldSection lo hi f acc =
        MapTree.foldSection comparer lo hi f tree acc

    member m.FoldAndMap f z =
        let tree, z = MapTree.foldMap comparer f tree z MapTree.empty
        refresh m tree, z

    member m.Iterate action = MapTree.iter action tree
    member m.MapRange mapping = refresh m (MapTree.map mapping tree)
    member m.Map mapping = refresh m (MapTree.mapi mapping tree)

    member m.Partition(f) =
        let r1, r2 = MapTree.partition comparer f tree
        refresh m r1, refresh m r2

    member m.Count = MapTree.size tree
    member m.ContainsKey(k) = MapTree.mem comparer k tree

    member m.Remove(k) =
        refresh m (MapTree.remove comparer k tree)

    member m.TryFind(k) = MapTree.tryFind comparer k tree
    member m.ToList() = MapTree.toList tree
    member m.ToArray() = MapTree.toArray tree

    static member FromList(comparer: 'ComparerTag, l) : Map<'Key, 'T, 'ComparerTag> =
        Map<_, _, _>(comparer = comparer, tree = MapTree.ofList comparer l)

    static member Create(comparer: 'ComparerTag, ie: seq<_>) : Map<'Key, 'T, 'ComparerTag> =
        Map<_, _, _>(comparer = comparer, tree = MapTree.ofSeq comparer ie)

    interface IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<'Key, 'T>> with
        member s.GetEnumerator() = MapTree.toSeq tree

    interface System.Collections.IEnumerable with
        override s.GetEnumerator() =
            (MapTree.toSeq tree :> System.Collections.IEnumerator)

    override this.Equals(that) =
        match that with
        // Cast to the exact same type as this, otherwise not equal.
        | :? Map<'Key, 'T, 'ComparerTag> as that -> ((this :> System.IComparable).CompareTo(that) = 0)
        | _ -> false

    interface System.IComparable with
        member m1.CompareTo(m2: obj) =
            Seq.compareWith
                (fun (kvp1: KeyValuePair<_, _>) (kvp2: KeyValuePair<_, _>) ->
                    let c = m1.Comparer.Compare(kvp1.Key, kvp2.Key) in

                    if c <> 0 then
                        c
                    else
                        Unchecked.compare kvp1.Value kvp2.Value)
                // Cast m2 to the exact same type as m1, see 4884.
                // It is not OK to cast m2 to seq<KeyValuePair<'Key,'T>>, since different compares could permute the KVPs.
                m1
                (m2 :?> Map<'Key, 'T, 'ComparerTag>)

    member this.ComputeHashCode() =
        let combineHash x y = (x <<< 1) + y + 631
        let mutable res = 0

        for KeyValue (x, y) in this do
            res <- combineHash res (Unchecked.hash x)
            res <- combineHash res (Unchecked.hash y)

        res

    override this.GetHashCode() = this.ComputeHashCode()

type internal Map<'Key, 'T> = Map<'Key, 'T, IComparer<'Key>>

type internal Set<'T> = Set<'T, IComparer<'T>>
